The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy 电子书 pdf 百度云 下载 epub 2025 免费 mobi 在线

For nineteenth-century Swiss historian Jacob Burckhardt, the Italian Renaissance was nothing less than the beginning of the modern world - a world in which flourishing individualism and the competition for fame radically transformed science, the arts, and politics. In this landmark work he depicts the Italian city-states of Florence, Venice and Rome as providing the seeds of a new form of society, and traces the rise of the creative individual, from Dante to Michelangelo. A fascinating description of an era of cultural transition, this nineteenth-century masterpiece was to become the most influential interpretation of the Italian Renaissance, and anticipated ideas such as Nietzsche's concept of the 'Ubermensch' in its portrayal of an age of genius.

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对威廉洪堡而言，国家本身不应单独成为追求的目标，国家主权之值得奋力争取与维护，乃是为了维护个人以及文化的独立自主性。相对于法国人希望透过政治革命的方式立即解放封建传统的桎梏，德意志新人文主义强调透过文化教养培养个人独立自主的心灵，希望借此达到逐步转化社会体制的终极目标。

布克哈特深切关怀在人类社会里，国家与文化之间的关系究竟应该如何，是其来有自的。国家在提供人民国防安全与社会安全之际，是否应该跳脱政治对文化发展的操控，让文化独立自主，以便让生活在其中的公民可以真正涵养出自由的心灵？

在《路易十四时代》第一章导论，他（伏尔泰）提出世界史上有四个足为后世典范的时代：第一是古希腊文化全盛时期伯利克里斯（Pericles)的时代，第二是古罗马凯撒与奥古斯都在位的时代，第三是佛罗伦斯在梅迪奇家族统治的时代，第四是法王路易十四的时代。

本书中译虽然将书名译为《意大利文艺复兴时代的文化》，但"Renaisance"一次在布氏的语义应用里，其实包涵三种意义：(1)文艺复兴作为时代分期的名称，(2)文艺复兴作为特定的价值观，(3)文艺复兴作为人文运动的代称。

也是在《意大利文艺复兴与时代的文化》影响下，欧洲史分期的大架构开始被定型为古代、中古与近现代，而近现代的源头便是文艺复兴。

在布克哈特论述的架构下，国家提供近代个人才性向外发展的舞台，而伦理道德与宗教则提供近现代人心灵视野与内省深度的精神力量。这一前一后两个主干又支撑起第二卷到第五卷所述意大利文艺复兴文化不同发展面向的活动场域

书籍介绍

For nineteenth-century Swiss historian Jacob Burckhardt, the Italian Renaissance was nothing less than the beginning of the modern world - a world in which flourishing individualism and the competition for fame radically transformed science, the arts, and politics. In this landmark work he depicts the Italian city-states of Florence, Venice and Rome as providing the seeds of a new form of society, and traces the rise of the creative individual, from Dante to Michelangelo. A fascinating description of an era of cultural transition, this nineteenth-century masterpiece was to become the most influential interpretation of the Italian Renaissance, and anticipated ideas such as Nietzsche's concept of the 'Ubermensch' in its portrayal of an age of genius.